Indian Foreign Policy Non Alignment in the Midst of the...

Indian Foreign Policy: Non Alignment in the midst of the Cold War At the onset of the cold war, the world was rapidly developing into two hostile camps, one dominated by the west – most particularly by the US – and the other by the USSR. The two superpowers differed only by ideology, the US with capitalism and the USSR with communism, but both sought to aggressively spread their ideologies and expand their spheres of influence to other sovereign nations. No means was spared in this expansion, the use of military force, moral and economic pressure and security blocs were all commonly used to subjugate other nations. After World War Two, Europe was sufficiently polarized, any further expansion along the preset borders of East and West†¦show more content†¦Though non-alignment may not be an invention of Gandhi, it does carry three notable trademarks that bear resemblance to the teachings of his. Firstly it is born of morality; in that Gandhi’s struggle for freedom was a moral one . Secondly it is completely transparent , in that Gandhi’s struggle was completely open, and where even disobedience (although peaceful) was never kept in secret. Thirdly it maintains peace by refraining from evil, in that Gandhi never refused to hold out a hand of friendship for anyone even for those who opposed him. According to S.B Jain â€Å"A moral tone, a friendly but fearless approach, a polite but firm refusal to submit to evil with a temper of peace and a spirit of cooperation – all these were the legacies of the Gandhian Age and they were bound to be projected in India’s policies.† After India gained independence from British rule, Jawaharlal Nehru and his Congress party came into power, and openly laid down the principles of non-alignment for the first time. Nehru talked about the independent approach which was needed to be taken by India, an approach towards international problems, self-development that would be free from outside interference, whether from allies or enemies. He spoke of non-alignment as the next step in war of liberation against the evils of imperialism and colonialism, followed by a stage of complete economicShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Read MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pagestend to earn their success the hard way, and that rough schooling has made them formidable competitors. These aggressive ï ¬ rms are making a big impression on global markets. Mittal Steel, for example, is the world’s number one steel producer, and its Indian owner, Lakshmi Mittal, is one of the world’s richest men. Cemex (Mexico) is number three in cement. AmBev (Brazil) merged with Interbrew (Belgium) and became InBev; today, InBev and SAB (originally from South Africa) are the two largest suppliersRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesMANAGEMENT FOR BUSINESS GROWTH IN A DEMANDING ECONOMY 7 growth, the immense potential of human resource effectiveness, and the speed of action required for success in today’s demanding competitive climate. Furthermore, the competitive climate is not a war of so-called Old Economy versus New Economy concepts. Instead, the competitive climate involves the convergence of the management models that have been proved to work best in both throughout today’s marketplace. Business leaders need to understand thatRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesapplication of project management. Overall the text addresses the major questions and issues the authors have encountered over their 60 combined years of teaching project management and consulting with practicing project managers in domestic and foreign environments. The following questions represent the issues and problems practicing project managers find consuming most of their effort: What is the strategic role of projects in contemporary organizations? How are projects p rioritized? What organizationalRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesOrganizational sociology. I. Duberley, Joanne. II. Johnson, Phil, 1955III. Title. HM786.M33 2007 302.3’5—dc22 2006022347 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 09 08 07 06 Typeset in 10/12.5 pt sabon by 72 Printed by Ashford Colour Press Ltd., Gosport The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. . Brief Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matterRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesTeams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is OrganizationalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesANALYSIS 519 Cases Involving Building Effective Teams 519 The Tallahassee Democrat’s ELITE Team 519 The Cash Register Incident 521 SKILL PRACTICE 523 Exercises in Building Effective Teams 523 Team Diagnosis and Team Development Exercise 523 Winning the War on Talent 524 Team Performance Exercise 527 SKILL APPLICATION 529 Activities for Building Effective Teams 529 Suggested Assignments 529 Application Plan and Evaluation 530 xiv CONTENTS SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA Team Development Behaviors

A Conceptual Framework For Understanding Race, Class,...

In â€Å"A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality†, Lynn Weber claims that categories such as race and gender are socially constructed. In this paper, I will defend Weber’s claim with a particular focus on gender and gender identity, with gender being defined as a state of masculinity or femininity which is either based on the sex of a person or on their personal identification (Oxford Dictionaries). I will first explore the for and against arguments to Weber’s position, then in my own response, I will argue that gender is a social construct as gendered behaviour is learned over time, and that gender is contextual in nature. Additionally, I will explore the implications of the social construction of gender in†¦show more content†¦Those who agree that gender is a social construct would also argue that gendered behaviour is not innate, and that it is learnt throughout development. Gender identity is defined as â€Å"the way in which being feminine or masculine, woman or man, becomes an internalized part of the way we think about ourselves† (Ryle, 2014). The idea of masculinity and femininity and the strong distinction between the two are taught to us throughout our lives. An individual’s earliest exposure to the concept of gender comes from parental influence. Many studies show that parents socialize their children from birth by creating distinct environments for boys and girls and treating son’s and daughter’s differently. For instance, parents are more likely to assign domestic chores such as cooking, mending clothes and doing laundry to daughters, whereas sons are more likely to be assigned maintenance chores such as mowing lawn, small household repairs and carrying out garbage (Lackey, 1989). Parents may also use more emotive language when talking to their daughter’s and might encourage certain interests such as math and science in son’s, by purchasing m ore math and science toys and committing to other promotive activities (Jacobs Bleeker, 2004; Leaper, 1998; Tenenbaum Show MoreRelatedCultural Analysis And Literary Criticism1392 Words   |  6 PagesCultural is defined as the attitudes, customs, and beliefs that distinguish one group from another. Culture is conveyed through language, material objects, rituals, institutions, and art, from one generation to the next Discourses are the frameworks or interpretation. Humans learn what different signs mean through communication and culture (discourse). Discursive formations with the process where unquestioned and seemingly natural ways of interpreting the world become ideologies. .. Defined as theRead MoreDrag Queens : Lifestyle Or Disguise1397 Words   |  6 PagesDrag Queens: Lifestyle or Disguise Mama Ru (RuPaul Charles’ Drag Queen persona) gave her perspective on an episode of Drag Race with this quote: â€Å"If you can’t love yourself, how in the hell are you gonna love somebody else?† the aspiration with this quote, it is to show the relevance that even with a different lifestyle, such as the â€Å"drag† life, self-love is respected in that controversial world. Over the centuries, men dressing as women has been going on since the dawn of the theatre, but whatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Black Women 1645 Words   |  7 Pagesthat was oppressive. They were discriminated along racial, ethnic, class and social lines drawing them as half-humans. They had to go through difficulties in their daily lives, but the challenges to some extent helped them become tough and strong. This paper will use information from the books Still Brave and Sister Citizen to bring out the oppression of the black women in America. The oppression is based on race, gender, and sexuality. The books use what is known as anthologies which are historicalRead MoreThe Bluest Eye And Alison Bechdel s Fun Home Essay2269 Words   |  10 PagesToni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home are both novels that employ a reflective narration of the past to address common themes of trauma, unorthodox family relationships, and sexuality. Although they demonstrate pronounced differences in setting and design, both stories utilize this retrospective narrative to expose masculinity’s stratified hegemony as a driving force of internalized shame, violence, and the death of self. Furthermore, it becomes clear that these shared themesRead MoreInterpretivism7441 Words   |  30 Pagesfeminist approach will certainly add more to some branches of quantitative research than to others, a feminist perspective can inform virtually every aspect of the research process, from survey design to statistical modeling, to the theoretical frameworks used to interpret results. Throughout the book, I hope to show how feminist theory can measurably and significantly improve a wide range of quantitative social science research. In addition, I want to suggest that the relationship between quantitativeRead MoreIntercultural Mediation in a Postmodern World1717 Words   |  7 Pagesbut constitutive of social relations (Rick, 1997). Here it is useful to adopt Lefebvre’s unitary theory of space (1991), which brings together all its elements, namely i) the physical (real/material) or perceived space, ii) the mental (imagined/conceptual) or conceived space and iii) the social or lived space (Rick, 1997, pp. 10-12). The social or lived space is a new â€Å"site where our perceived and conceived notions of space meet, are contested, combined and altered† (Skordoulis Arvanitis, 2008Read MoreThe Genders Essay2071 Words   |  9 PagesThe Genders Through out history, men and women have struggled to understand each other. Society has struggled to meld their complex differences while embracing the wonder of individuality. Biologist attempt to explain why men and women are different yet comes from the very similar genetic make-up. Psychologists have made grand strides in understanding how the mind works in the dynamics of relationships between men and women. And in a society that is governed by economics, the realm of socialRead More15. . . . . Womanism Vs Feminism . Tessa King. Evans High4725 Words   |  19 Pagesa theory which argues that sexism, class oppression, gender identity, and racism are interconnected. However, womanism or white feminism is a social theory which is strictly racial and gender-based oppression of black women. Black feminism and womanism should be separated because one is focused on how different social ideologies are interconnected and the other is only racial and gender-based. For example based on th e ideals of black feminism, racism and class oppression are interconnect; whereasRead MoreGender and Workforce Diversity6858 Words   |  28 PagesSeptember 2001 ( C 2002) Gender and Diversity in Organizations: Past, Present, and Future Directions Audrey J. Murrell1 University of Pittsburgh Erika Hayes James University of Virginia This introduction reviews some of the key issues that have been studied by researchers focused on gender and diversity in organizations. Issues such as discrimination, afï ¬ rmative action, barriers to career advancement, and sexual harassment at work are discussed. Although the study of gender and diversity in organizationsRead MoreWhy Premarital Sex Is Becoming An Epidemic2924 Words   |  12 Pagessafe world. If we had more people willing to teach our youth right from wrong, or if we had more adults who cared enough about their health we could control the spread of STDs and keep the rates down. Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review Theoretical Framework According to an article by the CDC (Britannica.com). The initiation of sexual intercourse early in life is associated with an increased number of sex partners and a greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This

Questions On Understanding Employee Motivation - 4606 Words

Assignment 1: Understanding Employee Motivation By Joel Bergman Latoya Claxton LeAnne Conyers Jacqua Little Donna Lowe Jamaisa Page EDD 8472, CRN 50251 Human Resource Development Nova Southeastern University June 21, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Part I: Employee Patterns of Human Behavior 4 Motivation 4 Morale 6 Part II: Examples of Motivation 8 Part III: Motivating a Diverse Workforce 12 Conclusion 15 References 16 Introduction Motivation can be defined as the intrinsic or extrinsic drive to meet expectation and accomplishment related to an activity. For organizations, some of the intrinsic drive is already held by the employee due to patterns of human behavior, personal character, and life experiences. However, the organization has a responsibility to motivate employees further in the workplace. This responsibility ultimately improves organizational performance. Taylor (2015) states, â€Å"motivation matters for organizations† (p.28). When this statement becomes reality, organizations will understand that motivation can be enacted through the work environment, relatedness, job resources and support, incentives, rewards, recognition, and feedback and consequences (Taylor, 2015). Research is abundant about the topic of motivation and organizations. It extends from how to motivate employees to evaluating the motivational programs utilized. Readers will realize through various research studies that seve ralShow MoreRelatedMotivation To Improve Performance Through Employee Involvement.1571 Words   |  7 Pages Motivation to Improve Performance through Employee Involvement Charlese Mason Leadership and Organizational Behavior; 520 Dr. Laura Jones Strayer University February 13, 2017 Content 1 Introduction (Motivation through Involvement) 2 The Important Road Ahead (Optimizing Value and Performance) A. What is Motivation B. What is Employee Involvement 3 Leading Characteristics (Management Styles/Organizational Behavior) A. Understanding the Sticks and Carrots Read MoreMotivation Theories And Motivation Of Employee Motivation Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagesour control and some that are not. Employee motivation is something that can directly affect an organizations production. It is no secret that un-motivated employees equates to un-productive workers, but how can we combat this? In order to better understand this concept we will look at the definition of employee motivation, some of the motivation theories and some motivation techniques that could be useful in our organizations. What is employee motivation? Motivation is a word used quite often in manyRead MoreResearch Proposal on Employee Motivation and Satisfaction 916 Words   |  4 Pages I. Introduction and Objectives This research proposal will be about employee motivation and satisfaction that will be conducted at the Customer Service Department in The Dubai Electricity and Water Authority. The Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) was formed on 1 January, 1992 to meet customer satisfaction and promote Dubai’s vision through delivery of electricity and water services at a world-class level of reliability, efficiency, safety and environment .( add about customer serviceRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of The Business Organization1741 Words   |  7 Pagescompromised at all times. The interview with jack focused on a number of areas. These include the issue of motivation, team or group work as well as the organizational structure of the business organization. The questions revolved around how he managed the issue of employee motivation, when to motivate the employees as well as the reasons behind employee motivation. In addition, the other questions covered the opinions of Jack rel evant to the issue of teamwork, the benefits accrued from teamwork, conditionsRead MoreThe Process of Maximize Employee Motivation1054 Words   |  5 Pagesoftentimes understood that the primary requirement that such an entity has is to maximize profitability, this particular paper will instead argue that the primary focus should be to maximize employee motivation. The reason for such an approach is contingent upon the fact that without proper levels of employee motivationI. it is essentially impossible for the firm/entity to realize any of its other goals. Moreover, within the current business environment, profitability is oftentimes something thatRead MoreEssay about Motivation: Partnership between Employer and Employee 587 Words   |  3 Pagesthe employee. Low quality of work is a reflection of low morale within the work force. The low morale has a common root cause of unmotivated employees. Unmotivated employees are likely to avoid their place of work and responsibilities . Motivated employees on the hand are, likely to be on time, be team players and creative. This attitude is what will raise morale within the ranks on the company. The million dollar question is what is the magic trick to inspire this trait called-motivation? Read MoreEmployee Turnover At The Hospitality Industry Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesan employee is unhappy with their working conditions, would that employee work to their fullest potential for the organization? The answer is clearly no. Motivation or lack of will have a huge impact on employee performance and retention. An interest must be shown in each employee of a hospitality operation. Smaller operations lacking a human resource department should use time and cost as excuses. Ignoring proper training and motivation techniques will cost more in the long run with employee turnoverRead MoreEssay on Ob364 A11470 Words   |  6 PagesPart A: Question 1 The foundation of open systems theory is that all the components of an organization are inter-related, thus, changing one variable impacts many other components of the organization. Additionally, organizations use external and internal inputs to produce outputs. (McShane Steen, 2009). Further, there is a nonlinear relationship between different components of an organization. Meaning, a small change in one variable can cause enormous changes in another, and converselyRead MoreCorrelation Between Employee Motivation And Job Performance Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization. An employee performance appraisal can act as motivation for an employee to improve his productivity. When an employee sees his goals clearly defined and is measured against the set goals and objectives, a need can be identified about the future strategies of employee motivation. In this review, I will look at and explore the multiple arguments of the management research articles. So, the question I must ask: is there a positive correlation between employee motivation and job performanceRead MoreGroup Case Study - Organisation Behaviour1426 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1 Introduction The information gathered from the grapevine had shown unhappiness and high stress level of the employees since Bjork started working in the company. Ever since Bjork joined the work force, she gave a rather bad impression towards the employees who had witnessed Bjorks ill-mannered behaviour towards Wong. When she was promoted to the supervisor position to replace Wong for his retirement, her irrational attitude towards the employees had gradually turned the company

The Sociological Theory Of Howard Beckers Labeling Theory

Howard Becker- an American sociologist- a person who has shaped the labeling theory. In Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance,† by Howard Becker (1963), he pointed out that social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders.† (Becker, 1963) In this sense, deviation is not the substance of the form of activity of a person who makes, but that is the effect of others applying the rules of punishment for the offender. Additionally, long-term labeling will become the lock of individuals into misleading roles. That means the long-term outcome of the labeling process locks individuals into misleading roles and†¦show more content†¦His two groups of high school kids consist of the Saints and the Roughnecks. The Saints were eight white, upper-middle class boys. They constantly occupied with truancy, drinking, theft vandalism, but the police neve r arrested the members of the Saints. The Roughnecks were six white, lower class boys, and they engaged in fighting, drinking and theft. They constantly in trouble with police and community. The boys in the Saints have a good family background with being respected in society. They are always judged good in quality and grades in school. Whenever they break the rules, they always know how to escape the detection carefully. For example, when facing the police, the Saints always show politeness, courteousness, cordiality and remorsefully apologies. Their ingenuity in their behavior has made them unconfirmed as a deviants. Otherwise, the Roughnecks have background from families of lower socioeconomic status. In school, they are supposed to be inferior with poor reputations and grades. Moreover, they do not know how to be careful when breaking the law. When confronted with police, they are labeled as â€Å"deviants by themselves or others because they have revealed hostile and insolent w ith the police. Their behaviors are not as subtle as the Saints. In other words, when both groups break the law, the Saints will be judged as good because of their politeness, which is the influence of the attitudes from their upper classes background. Meanwhile, due toShow MoreRelatedSexual Deviance Is Any Abnormal Sexual Act997 Words   |  4 Pagesinterest groups shunning religion and standing up for human rights. Yes, there was deviance in ancient days, thus unwanted pregnancies, incest, rape, but we it was not up for public detail, discussion, or review. Based on the deviance theories, the labeling theory describes how deviance definitions have changed throughout the years, but differential association explains individual sexual deviance. According to Kai Erikson, deviance created by breaking a well-respected, societal rule brought aboutRead MoreTaking a Look at the Labeling Theory909 Words   |  4 Pages The labeling theory is one of the critical perspective sociological theories of crime. Labeling theory was the first of the critical perspectives and like the other critical perspectives, it considers defining crime, as well as applying a label to those who commit what is defined as a crime to be problematic. Among the issues addressed by labeling theory are defining deviance based on primary deviance through implementing a label on the offender, discrimination by formal institutions, as well asRead MoreLabelling Theory And Robert Agnew s General Strain Theory1676 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept’s such as Howard Becker’s Labelling theory and Robert Agnew ’s General Strain Theory presents ideas on how the sociological environment plays a factor in shaping individuals and leading them to resort to choices such as drug use. The Labelling theory is a concept in which the stigmatization of placing identity markers through pre-conceived notions and judgments can lead to a personal internalization of the imposed label which in turn can lead to deviance (Citation). The Strain Theory is an ideaRead MoreSociology and Deviance Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pagesto show how this sociological perspective can assist in understanding drug taking in society. In the essay I will discuss the notion of deviance and will demonstrate that people do not become deviants on the strength of their behaviour alone, but by the sanctions of a society whose norms that the offender has deemed to have violated. I will examine approaches to deviance through biological, psychological and sociological methodologies and while the examination of the theories is necessarily briefRead MoreLabelling Theory And Robert Agnew s General Strain Theory1651 Words   |  7 Pagesas Howard Becker’s Labelling theory and Robert Agnew ’s General Strain Theory presents ideas on how the sociological environment plays a factor into shaping individuals and leading them to resort to choices such as drug use. The Labelling theory is a concept in which the stigmatization of placing identity markers through pre-conceived notions and judgements can lead to a personal internalization of the imposed label which in turn can lead to deviance (Erikson,1964,417-419). The Strain Theory is anRead MoreSociological View on Deviance and Drug Use Essay8777 Words   |  36 Pagesinvolves, at a basic minimum, at least three dimensions. It is apparent that every society defines behaviors that are to be labeled as deviant and restricted as desirable. Deviance may be commonplace and even widespread, so some explanations or theories must be offered for the existence and persistence of such deviant behavior in the face of negative social sanctions. There would be little reason to define, sanction, and explain de viance without also doing something to, for, or with the deviantRead MoreCritically Discuss Three Sociological Approaches to Explaining Crime1188 Words   |  5 PagesCritically discuss three sociological approaches to explaining crime? One of the most predominant areas of study in sociology is in the explanation of crime and deviance in society. Criminal acts are those which violate established formal laws, whereas deviance refers to the breaking of social norms. Crime and deviance are a social construct as they are decided by the people in a society and can vary greatly depending on the society in question, as well as the time period being studied. In theRead MoreFunctionalist View on Crime1262 Words   |  5 Pagesas Deviant by one group, are seen as acceptable and even desirable by others. Many sociologists have attempted to find the reasons why this is the case and thus this has led to the development of the; Functionalist, Marxist and, Strain and the Labeling theory. The â€Å"architect† of the original functionalist view on crime was a sociologist by the name of Emile Durkheim (1897). He reasoned that Crime was endemic to all societies in the same way that suicide was ( it should be noted that it was Durkheim’sRead MoreSociology and Deviance: in a Society of Saints Crime Will Be Found Discuss2142 Words   |  9 Pagesunacceptable manner. However, who are we to judge, in whose eyes makes a particular act deviant, and who makes the rules around deviance? These questions formulate the answer to why a ‘society of saints’ is an unattainable goal (Roach Anleu 2006, p17). Theories to why humans act out in different ways, has been disputed since the 1800’s, and no exact answer is available to this question. With all of the studies that have been performed, no one group has come up with an exact reason to why people behave deviantlyRead MorePoverty Is Not Only An Individual Problem2983 Words   |  12 PagesPoverty is not only an individual problem, but a societal problem. Harrell R. Rodgers wrote an article, â€Å"Why are People Poor in America?† Rodgers gives two categories of theories that are used when cultural /behavioral or structural/economic. Behavior/culture theorists look at the behavior, culture and values of the poor as the reason for poverty. While structural /ecIn western culture statistics are an excessively used tool in describing social issues. Numbers help explain a situation, but

Court Legal Process in the United States

Question: Is the legal system we have in the United States fair for both parties? Answer: Fair Procedure is a typical law convention that emerges from a line of momentous choices of the Supreme Court of California going back to the 1880s. Certain sorts of private performing artists, because of their mind-boggling financial power inside specific fields, can't self-assertively remove individuals or representatives or deny persons confirmation for no consistent reason; they are committed to give a simple type of procedural due procedure (as notification and a hearing). It is differentiated against due procedure in that it applies to private performers, while due methodology regularly applies just to state performing artists (Biegel, 2001). In the case of Connecticut General Life Insurance Company v. Johnson it was held that, Harms for disregarding the privilege of reasonable methodology can be considerable. Case in point, the State Compensation Insurance Fund was discovered subject for $1,131,000 for subjectively denying a little medicinal center admission to its favored supplier system. In any case, the privilege of reasonable system just applies where the behavior of the tested private substance would pulverize the offended party's entitlement to practice a legal exchange or calling. Since it is conceivable to discover profitable occupation in the film business without being the holder of an Academy Award, the behavior of the societies that focus qualification for the Oscars is not subject to reasonable system (Binmore, 2005). In the case of Smith v. Allwright, it was observed that another restriction, obviously, is that in spite of the fact that the privilege of reasonable methodology plainly obliges something marginally not exactly procedural due procedure, it doesn't oblige the influenced party to be managed a larger number of rights than would be accessible under procedural due methodology. In this manner, when the offended party's proficient affiliation had plainly issued him the advantage of significantly more procedural assurances than he would have been qualified for from any administration element, he had gotten the advantage of reasonable technique and had no reason for activity for the gently unfavorable activity that came about. In the U.S., the presence of a different tenet of reasonable system for private on-screen characters is fundamental on the grounds that due procedure by and large controls just choices taken bystate performers. Interestingly, the more extensive UK tenet of characteristi c equity applies to both open and private substances (Bonfield, 2006). Courts hear two sorts of debate: common and criminal. A common activity includes two or more private gatherings, no less than one of which asserts an infringement of a statute or some procurement of normal law. The gathering launching the claim is the offended party; his adversary the litigant. A litigant can raise a counterclaim against an offended party or a cross-claim against a co-respondent, so long as they are identified with the offended party's unique objection. Courts want to hear in a solitary claim all the cases emerging from a debate. Business cases, concerning rupture of agreement, or tort cases, where a gathering charges he has been harmed by another's carelessness or resolute offense, are affable cases. While most common prosecutions are between private gatherings, the government or a state government is dependably a gathering to a criminal activity. It prosecutes, for the sake of the individuals, litigants accused of disregarding laws that deny certain behavior as dam aging to general society welfare. Two organizations may dispute a common activity for rupture of agreement, yet just the legislature can accuse somebody of homicide. The gauges of verification and potential punishments additionally contrast. A criminal litigant can be indicted just upon the determination of blame "past a sensible uncertainty." In a common case, the offended party require just demonstrate a "prevalence of confirmation," a weaker definition that basically signifies "probably." A sentenced criminal can be detained, yet the losing party in a common case is subject just for legitimate or fair cures (Feinman, 2000). In the case of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins it was held that, Due methodology is the legitimate prerequisite that the state must regard every lawful right that are owed to an individual. Due procedure adjusts the force of tradition that must be adhered to and shields the unique individual from it. At the point when an administration hurts an individual without taking after the precise course of the law, this constitutes a due methodology infringement, which outrages the tenet of law (Hanrahan, 2008). Due methodology has likewise been every now and again deciphered as restricting laws and legitimate procedures (see substantive due procedure), so that judgesrather than officials may characterize and ensure basic decency, equity, and freedom. This understanding has demonstrated dubious, and is similar to the ideas of characteristic equity, and procedural equity utilized as a part of different wards. This understanding of due methodology is infrequently communicated as a charge that the administration should not be unjustifiable to the individuals or ill-use them physically (Herndon Murray, 2009). Due procedure is not utilized as a part of contemporary English law, however two comparable ideas are regular equity (which by and large applies just to choices of managerial organizations and a few sorts of private bodies like exchange unions) and the British sacred idea of the standard of law as enunciated by A. V. Sketchy and others. On the other hand, neither one of the concepts lines up consummately with the American hypothesis of due procedure, which, as clarified underneath, in the blink of an eye contains numerous inferred rights not found in the antiquated or cutting edge ideas of due methodology in America (Markowitz Jones-Brown, 2000) . Due system made from condition 39 of the Magna Carta in England. Right when English and American law constantly veered, due philosophy was not kept up in England, yet rather did get the chance to be combined in the Constitution of the United States. The thought of procedural equity is particularly powerful in the law. In the United States, for instance, sympathy toward procedural equity is reflected in the Due Process conditions of the United States Constitution. In other basic law nations, this same thought is now and then called regular equity (Segal, Spaeth Benesh, 2005). Characteristic equity for the most part ties both open and private substances, while the U.S. idea of due methodology has a "state activity" prerequisite which implies it applies just to state on-screen characters. Anyhow, in the U.S., there are practically equivalent to ideas like reasonable strategy which can tie private gatherings in their relations with others. References Biegel, S. (2001). Beyond our control?. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Binmore, K. (2005). Natural justice. New York: Oxford University Press. Bonfield, L. (2006). American law and the American legal system in a nutshell. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West. Feinman, J. (2000). Law 101. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hanrahan, C. (2008). Legal system. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Herndon, R., Murray, J. (2009). Children bound to labor. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Markowitz, M., Jones-Brown, D. (2000). The system in black and white. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Segal, J., Spaeth, H., Benesh, S. (2005). The Supreme Court in the American legal system. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Reflective Account for Reflective Practice- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Account for Reflective Practice. Answer: This essay highlights the reflection of the four tasks done as a part of the multi-part assignment. The four tasks include the completion of a CV, completion of a book evaluation, completion of a journal article and completion of an incite workbook. This essay aims to evaluate the development of the academic skills along with the skill of referencing and citation. This essay also attempts to demonstrate the skill of accessing various useful resources from a wide range of information resource. The process of self reflection is an useful and effective one. Self-reflection helps a person identify his own strengths and weaknesses, along with highlighting the areas of improvement. According to Findley, (2008), self-reflection is the best possible process to enhance ones skills and identify the areas of improvement. The first task was to successfully complete curriculum vitae. A CV is defined as a complete summary of a person, necessary to be employable (Oxford University 2015). While completing this task successfully, I was able to identify my strengths and weaknesses. I found my employability skills, and highlighted them in the CV (Oxford University 2015). However, the weaknesses that I had identified were not mentioned explicitly. My achievements and pervious work experience was presented in an attractive manner. The writing skill that was used in order to complete the CV, was to successfully highlight a lot of information in a very concise manner (Oxford University 2015). The second task was to evaluate a book successfully. The book was chosen in such a way that in clearly highlighted the topic of emergency pre hospital care (Limmeret al. 2015). The main concept highlighted in the book was reviewed. The ways the patients in the emergency unit are taken care have been highlighted. The choice of words to describe the key concepts mentioned in the book has been done tactfully (Limmeret al. 2015). The next task was to evaluate a journal article. Out of many journal articles, the one chosen is an eminent one. The thesis of the journal article has been supported by empirical formulas and graphs (Lowe et al. 2015). Moreover, the fact that the journal is peer reviewed makes the journal even more useful. The facts and information presented in the journal are authentic and valid in the present day scenario. The details of the publisher and the various reviewing standards highlight the fact this chosen journal is a strong one (Lowe et al. 2015). Finally, the last task was to complete the insite workbook. This workbook contained various subjects such as mathematics, spellings, English, grammar. This was to be completed successfully, in order to highlight my strengths and weaknesses (Clements, 2015). My learning capabilities, along with the capability of memorising were tested through this workbook. My academic writing skills along with the sense of English and grammar were also evaluated (Clements, 2015). My strengths were identified as planning and structured writing skills. However, my weaknesses were highlighted as the lack of memorising the spellings. This along with my results from the online VARK (2015) learning styles quiz allows me to maximise my learning potential for the course. Finally, it might be concluded that this task helped me understand and identify my strengths and weakness in context of academic writing and referencing skills. In conclusion I feel that this assessment have enabled me to reassess the way I approach writing skills and academic writing. I have had involvement in intelligent written work before however never extended that to reflection and evaluation of my work. As rightly stated by Findley (2008), refelction provides the best ever feedback and gives us ways of improvement. While some of these abilities may have appeared to be straightforward at to begin with, through reflecting upon them their natural esteem has turned out to be clear. Building up a firm comprehension from these four essential undertakings of assessment aptitudes and intelligent practice enables solid establishments for further figuring out how to happen. In future, I will build up my scholarly composition aptitudes and give careful consideration to the distinction am ongst contention and statement, taking consideration to utilize the previous to fortify my work. My activity arrange I have set out furnishes me with set review periods that I can work from to guarantee due dates are met and my new comprehension of intelligent practice from the four tasks has set me in great stead for the rest of the course. Thus, this assignment was an important one, and has a significant impact in enhancing my academic and writing skills. References Clements, M. (2015). The importance of reflection in education. Findley, L. (2008) Reflecting on Reflective practice Available at: https://www.open.ac.uk/opencetl/files/opencetl/file/ecms/web-content/Finlay-(2008)-Reflecting-on-reflective-practice-PBPL-paper-52.pdf (Accessed 11th May 2017) Limmer, D., O'Keefe, M. F., Grant, H., Murray, B., Bergeron, J. D., Dickinson, E. T. (2015).Emergency care. Pearson. Lowe, J. J., Jelden, K. C., Schenarts, P. J., Rupp, L. E., Hawes, K. J., Tysor, B. M., ... Gibbs, S. G. (2015). Considerations for safe EMS transport of patients infected with Ebola virus.Prehospital Emergency Care,19(2), 179-183. Oxford University (2015) 'Preparing a CV' Available at: https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/jobs/cv.html (Accessed 11th May 2017) VARK Questionnaire (2015) 'How do I Learn Best' Available at https://vark-learn.com/the-vark-questionnaire/ (Accessed 11th May 2017)

Paediatric Physical Therapy Community Training Programme

Question: Describe about the Paediatric Physical Therapy for Community Training Programme? Answer: Implementation of Community Training Programme: The children with cerebral palsy have certain movement disorders and muscle weakness that appear in their early childhood and become permanent. The symptoms include stiff muscles, poor coordination, weak muscles and tremors. Some special fitness programmes are there specially designed for the children with cerebral palsy. To implement such a fitness programme in the community will be helpful for the physical development for the children with cerebral palsy. For implementing such programme: Firstly, the significance of such programmes should be understood by the people of community (Case-Smith OBrien, 2013). The parents of the children with cerebral palsy must be involved in such programme and it is important to make them understand the significance of these activities and how these can improve the health of their children. The parents should be trained properly about how to take care of the physical health of their children at home. A paediatric physical therapist is to be assigned to check the physical health of the children such as, their muscle strength, ability to walk, co-ordination etc. A trainer must be assigned to guide the children with the appropriate physical exercise. Arranging and setting the necessary equipments for the training of the children. The children are checked for the improvement of their physical health after a certain interval. For setting such programme, fund should be raised. It can be done with the help of the people of the community or with the sponsorship of any organization (Verschuren et al., 2011). Challenges of Conducting a Community Training Programme: There are some challenges that are faced while conducting such training programme in a community for the children having cerebral palsy. The most common challenge of conducting any kind of training programme is to raise the fund or arranging the sponsorship. Sometimes it may be difficult to convince the people of the society and the parents of the disabled children for co-operation. Sometimes parents feel awkward to take their children to the society because of their disability (Campbell, Palisano Vander Linden, 2006). In many cases parents who have children with cerebral palsy stated that, their children refused to join as they are not comfortable to come for such training as they consider themselves inferior and that is why they feel shy to participate in the training programme. So, there is also a difficulty to make the children participate in such programme (Wiert et al., 2010). Problems that Can Occur While Conducting Such Programme: Such problem can be avoided by convincing the community people to donate for this purpose. The problem of participation of children can be managed by the individual mental counselling of them and making them realize the importance of this training in their physical health and they can also be encouraged by involving certain fun activities in the training programme (Gordon et al., 2011) . The parents of the children must be co-operative. It is important for them to understand the physical improvement that can happen to their children and they must be aware of the positive impact of this improvement on the future life of the children (Verschuren et al., 2011). Outcomes of Such Training: As evidenced in many researches, there should be a positive change in the physical health of the children. The activities that are included in the training are specially designed to enhance the physical abilities of the children with cerebral palsy. The primary goals of these physical activities are to improve the physical functioning, impaired mobility, co-ordination and muscle strength of the children (Campbell, Palisano Vander Linden, 2006). These activities not only bring about a change in the physical health but an improvement in mental health also occurs. The disabled children are more likely to restrict themselves to participate in the society. These training programmes allow the children to be more participative that is they become socialized and make friends. By involving some sports or dance in the training, the physical ability as well as creativity of the children can be encouraged (Reid et al., 2010). Monitoring the Outcomes: The purpose of monitoring the outcomes is to determine the effectiveness of the intervention for meeting the desired goals. The physical therapist along with the trainer and the adolescents family can determine the effectiveness of the training. The methods of the strength measurement are: Maximal and sub-maximal aerobic test: This process involves a six minute walk or ride and a modified shuttle run or ride test (Hubur et al., 2010). Anaerobic and power test: In this method a 105 metre sprint test is done and then another two muscle power sprint test: 615 meter, 315 meter are done. Strength tests: The process for determining strength involves hand held dynamometry, lower limb muscle strength test and 6-15 repetition maximum testing (Campbell, Palisano Vander Linden, 2006). Guidelines to Train Young Athletes: Guidelines for the training of young athletes are classified according to their age and the activities are designed according to that. 7 years or younger: Basic and light exercise with no or a little weight along with a concept of the training session is introduced. The children are taught with the proper techniques of exercise. In this age the training volume is low. 8 to 10 years: Increment in the number of exercises and the volume of training is done. Gradual progression of the loading of exercise is occurred and exercise is practices in all lifts. The tolerance to the stress is monitored carefully. 11 to 13 years: Progressive loading of exercise is continued and more advanced techniques are involved into the curriculum. The techniques of different are emphasized. 14 to 15 years: More advanced exercises are designed for the athletes, techniques become tougher and the training volume is increased. 16 years or above: The athletes are introduced to the adult programmes and are moved to the entry level adult programmes (Armstrong Barker, 2010). The training also includes several programmes to develop certain skills of the athletes which are: Energy training is given to the athletes to develop good aerobic base. It involves exercise with low intensity and long duration. Resistant training is for the development of physical strength of the athletes. Activities to fasten the movement of muscles and to increase the flexibility. Training is given to the athletes to make them understand the nutritional and caloric requirements and to make their diet chart according to that (Faigenbaum Myer, 2010). Training, Supervision and Injury Prevention of Young Athletes: A proper supervision of the coach is necessary to train the young athletes in a correct way. Supervision of the coach guides the athletes to perform the exercise in a right manner depending on the physical condition of them. It is very important to train the athletes in the correct way otherwise it can affect the health of them. So, supervising the young athletes and directing them to the right way is a major duty of the coach to build their future ( Mufulli et al., 2010). Occurrence of injury is very common for athletes. There are some common ways to prevent or minimize the injuries. It is mandatory to use proper equipments for the protection of participants. Participants should appear in the ground in proper dress code along with appropriate footwear. Protective headgear is necessary for some sports like baseball, cricket, hockey etc. to minimize the injuries of head and neck. Eye protector is required to avoid eye injuries in racquet sports and it should not interfere with the vision of the athlete (Armstrong Barker, 2010). Mouth guard is essential for boxers and hockey players and it has effectively reduced oral injuries. Facial protection is also needed in some sports especially in boxing and wrestling. These protections should not interfere with speech and breath. A proper supervision during the training can minimize the chance of any injury. In this case, the role of a physical therapist is to monitor that, whether the above stated instructions are being followed or not. He or she should make the trainee athletes realise the importance of following the guidelines and the safety measures to avoid any major injury. The physical therapist should also make the athletes aware of the consequences of not following the guidelines on their physical health (Jayanthi et al., 2012) Recommendation for Blairs Parents: At the time of birth, Blair had a brachial plexus injury due to some problems at the time of delivery. Initially she faced much problem due to this but improved gradually. At the age of 2 years, Blair faces some mild sensory loss along with some residual impairment. A decrease in the activity of shoulder and elbow ROM has also been noticed. Due to these residual impairments she faces some restriction while doing certain activities (Murphy et al., 2012). Her parents must be involved in the procedure of her treatment. There are certain activities that they can do at home to help her to overcome the weaknesses. First of all her parents should be provided with the home programme sheets and are suggested to follow that. The exercises that are mentioned in the home programme guidelines should be performed in a regular basis. Provide a tactile stimulation using a vibrator or a massage to the upper extremity in order to increase the sensation of shoulder and arms. Providing a joint compression to the joints of arm and soldier in order to facilitate muscle co-ordination. Insist her to use the upper extremity in various activities she likes to do. Resistive exercise using a very light weight. Providing electrical stimulation by a trained therapist (Mehlman et al., 2011). As she has a tendency of soldier stiffening, a hot compress can be given to her soldier for 10 to 15 minutes followed by a massage. It should be noticed that she is not lying on her back or in an inverted position. She must avoid side-lying. She should not get picked up under armpit and her arm should not be lifted in the elbow flexion on the top of her chest. She should not be allowed to dangle her arm in space (Campbell, Palisano Vander Linden, 2006). For the protection of hand and deficits in the sensory nerves a hand splint can be applied. It will also maintain her hand in the proper position. Dynamic splints can be used for her elbow. Monitoring the improvement of physical strength of Blair regularly. Taking her to a doctor on a regular basis for health check up and for checking the strength of her muscle, improvement in co-ordination, impairments and sensory properties (Pham et al., 2011). Daily Activities for Blair: There are some activities of daily life that should be encouraged by Blairs parents and Blair should try to perform regularly in order to improve her residual impairments. These activities are: Brushing teeth and combing hair to improve the movement of elbow. Climb on stair holding the railing with the support of her hand which will make the muscles of her arm and soldier work (Vaz et al., 2010). She should be encouraged to draw on paper using crayons to increase the activity of her arm. Her parents should play some game with her where the upper extremity is involved mostly (Campbell, Palisano Vander Linden, 2006). References: Armstrong, N., Barker, A. R. (2010). Endurance training and elite young athletes. Campbell, S., Palisano, R., Vander Linden, D. (2006).Physical therapy for children. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. Case-Smith, J., O'Brien, J. C. (2013).Occupational therapy for children. Elsevier Health Sciences. Faigenbaum, A. D., Myer, G. D. (2010). Resistance training among young athletes: safety, efficacy and injury prevention effects.British journal of sports medicine,44(1), 56-63. Gordon, A. M., Hung, Y. C., Brandao, M., Ferre, C. L., Kuo, H. C., Friel, K., ... Charles, J. R. (2011). Bimanual Training and Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy A Randomized Trial.Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair,25(8), 692-702. Hale, H. B., Bae, D. S., Waters, P. M. (2010). Current concepts in the management of brachial plexus birth palsy.The Journal of hand surgery,35(2), 322-331. Huber, M., Rabin, B., Docan, C., Burdea, G. C., AbdelBaky, M., Golomb, M. R. (2010). Feasibility of modified remotely monitored in-home gaming technology for improving hand function in adolescents with cerebral palsy.Information Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions on,14(2), 526-534. Jayanthi, N., Pinkham, C., Dugas, L., Patrick, B., LaBella, C. (2012). Sports specialization in young athletes evidence-based recommendations.Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 1941738112464626. Maffulli, N., Longo, U. G., Spiezia, F., Denaro, V. (2010). Aetiology and prevention of injuries in elite young athletes. Mehlman, C. T., DeVoe, W. B., Lippert, W. C., Michaud, L. J., Allgier, A. J., Foad, S. L. (2011). Arthroscopically assisted Sever-L'Episcopo procedure improves clinical and radiographic outcomes in neonatal brachial plexus palsy patients.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics,31(3), 341-351. Murphy, K. M., Rasmussen, L., Hervey-Jumper, S. L., Justice, D., Nelson, V. S., Yang, L. J. S. (2012). An assessment of the compliance and utility of a home exercise DVD for caregivers of children and adolescents with brachial plexus palsy: a pilot study.PMR,4(3), 190-197. Pham, C. B., Kratz, J. R., Jelin, A. C., Gelfand, A. A. (2011). Child Neurology: Brachial plexus birth injury What every neurologist needs to know.Neurology,77(7), 695-697. Reid, S., Hamer, P., Alderson, J., Lloyd, D. (2010). Neuromuscular adaptations to eccentric strength training in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.Developmental Medicine Child Neurology,52(4), 358-363. Vaz, D. V., Mancini, M. C., do Amaral, M. F., de Brito Brando, M., de Frana Drummond, A., da Fonseca, S. T. (2010). Clinical changes during an intervention based on constraintà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ induced movement therapy principles on use of the affected arm of a child with obstetric brachial plexus injury: a case report.Occupational therapy international,17(4), 159-167. Verschuren, O., Ada, L., Maltais, D. B., Gorter, J. W., Scianni, A., Ketelaar, M. (2011). Muscle strengthening in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy: considerations for future resistance training protocols.Physical Therapy,91(7), 1130-1139. Wiart, L., Ray, L., Darrah, J., Magill-Evans, J. (2010). Parents' perspectives on occupational therapy and physical therapy goals for children with cerebral palsy.Disability and rehabilitation,32(3), 248-258.

Roman Essays (5688 words) - Church Architecture, Basilica, Aisle

Roman Architecture A great deal of conjecture has been expended on the question as to the genesis of the Roman basilica. For present purposes it may be sufficient to observe that the addition of aisles to the nave was so manifest a convenience that it might not improbably have been thought of, even had models not been at hand in the civic buildings of the Empire. The most suitable example that can be chosen as typical of the Roman basilica of the age of Constantine is the church of S. Maria Maggiore. And this, not merely because, in spite of certain modern alterations, it has kept in the main its original features, but also because it departs, to a lesser extent than any other extant example, from the classical ideal. The lateral colonnade is immediately surmounted by a horizontal entablature, with architrave, frieze, and cornice all complete. The monolithic columns, with their capitals, are, moreover, homogenous, and have been cut for their position, instead of being like those of so many early Christian churches, the more or less incongruous and heterogeneous spoils of older and non-Christian edifices. Of this church, in its original form, no one however decidedly his tastes may incline to some more highly developed system or style of architecture will call in question the stately and majestic beauty. The general effect is that of a vast perspective of lines of noble columns, carrying the eye forward to the altar, which, with its civory or canopy, forms so conspicuous an object, standing, framed, as it mere, within the arch of the terminal apse, which forms its immediate and appropriate background. S. Maria Maggiore is considerably smaller than were any of the other three chief basilicas of Rome (St Peter's, St. Paul's, and the Lateran). Each of these, in addition to a nave of greater length and breadth, was furnished (as may still be seen in the restored St Paul's) with a double aisle. This, however, was an advantage which was not unattended with a serious drawback from a purely esthetic point of view. For a great space of blank wall intervening between the top of the lateral colonnade and the clerestory windows was of necessity required in order to give support to the penthouse roof of the double aisle. And it is curious, to say the least, that it should not have occurred to the builders of those three basilicas to utilize a portion of the space thus enclosed, and at the same time to lighten the burden of the wall above the colonnade, by constructing a gallery above the inner aisle. It is true, of course, that such a gallery is found in the church of S. Agnese, where the low-level of the floor relatively to the surface of the ground outside may have suggested this method of construction; but whereas, in the East, the provision of a gallery (used as a gynaeceum) was usual from very early times, it never became otherwise than exceptional in the West. Taking East and West together, we find among early and medieval basilican churches examples of all the combinations that are possible in the arrangement of aisles and galleries. They are the single aisle without gallery, which is, of course, the commonest type of all; the double aisle without gallery, as in the three great Roman basilicas; the single aisle with gallery, as in S. Agnese; the double aisle with single gallery, as in St. Demetrius at Thessalonica; and finally, as a crowning example, though of a later period, the double aisle surmounted by a double gallery, as in the Duomo at Pisa. These, however, are modifications in the general design of the building. Others, not less important, though they are less obviously striking, concern the details of the construction. Of these the first was the substitution of the arch for the horizontal entablature, and the second that of the pillar of masonry for the monolithic column. The former change, which had already come into operation in the first basilica of St. Paul without the Walls, was so obviously in the nature of an improvement in point of stability that it is no matter for surprise that it should have been almost. universally adopted. Colonnaded and arcaded basilicas, as we may call them, for the most part older than the eleventh century, are to be found in the most widely distant regions, from Syria to Spain, and from Sicily to Saxony; and the lack of examples in Southern France is probably due to the destructive invasion of the Saracens and